Annual report [Section 13 and 15(d), not S-K Item 405]

Reporting Segments and Geographic Areas

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Reporting Segments and Geographic Areas
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Reporting Segments and Geographic Areas Reporting Segments and Geographic Areas
Reporting Segments

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer comprise the Company’s CODM. Segment information is prepared on the same basis that the CODM manages the segments, evaluates the segment financial statements and makes key operating and resource utilization decisions. Segment evaluation is determined on a quantitative basis based on a function of Adjusted EBITDA, as well as a qualitative basis, such as nature of the product and service offerings and types of customers. The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as net loss before depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion, gains or losses on disposal of assets, net, impairment of goodwill, stock based compensation, interest expense and financing charges, net, other expense (income), net (which is comprised of interest on trade accounts receivable and certain legal expenses) and (benefit) provision for income taxes, further adjusted to add back interest on trade accounts receivable. The Company’s significant segment expenses include cost of revenue and selling, general and administrative expense.

The Company principally provides services in connection with on-shore drilling of oil and natural gas wells for small to large domestic independent oil and natural gas producers as well as electric infrastructure services to private utilities, public investor-owned utilities and co-operative utilities. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had three reportable segments, which includes well completion services (“Well Completion”), infrastructure services (“Infrastructure”) and natural sand proppant services (“Sand”). The Well Completion segment provides hydraulic fracturing and water transfer services primarily in the Utica Shale of Eastern Ohio, Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania and the mid-continent region. The Infrastructure segment provides electric utility infrastructure services to government-funded utilities, private utilities, public investor-owned utilities and co-operative utilities in the northeastern, southwestern, midwestern and western portions of the United States. The Sand segment mines, processes and sells sand for use in hydraulic fracturing. The Sand segment primarily services the Utica Shale, Permian Basin, SCOOP, STACK and Montney Shale in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada.

Based on its assessment of FASB ASC 280, Segment Reporting, guidance at December 31, 2024, the Company changed its presentation in 2024 to move Bison Drilling and Panther Drilling, which were previously included in the Company’s drilling services reportable segment, to the reconciling column titled “All Other”. On December 13, 2024, Anaconda Rentals, Aquahawk, Barracuda, Bison Sand, IFX, Ivory Freight, Coil Tubing, Redback Energy, Redback Pumpdown, Stingray Cementing and WTL were merged into Orca. Prior to 2024, Aquahawk, Bison Sand and Redback Pumpdown were included in the Well Completion segment, Barracuda was included in the Sand segment and the remainder of the entities were included in the reconciling column titled “All Other”. Due to the merger of these entities into Orca, the results for Aquahawk, Bison Sand, Redback Pumpdown and Barracuda are now included in the reconciling column titled “All Other”. The results for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect these changes.

The Company also provides directional drilling, aviation services, equipment rental services, remote accommodation and equipment manufacturing services. The businesses that provide these services are distinct operating segments, which the
CODM reviews independently when making key operating and resource utilization decisions. None of these operating segments meet the quantitative thresholds of a reporting segment and do not meet the aggregation criteria set forth in FASB ASC 280. Therefore, results for these operating segments are included in the column titled “All Other” in the tables below. Additionally, assets for corporate activities, which primarily include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, inter-segment accounts receivable, prepaid insurance and certain property and equipment, are included in the All Other column. Although Mammoth Energy Partners LLC, which holds these corporate assets, meets one of the quantitative thresholds of a reporting segment, it does not engage in business activities from which it may earn revenues and its results are not regularly reviewed by the Company’s CODM when making key operating and resource utilization decisions. Therefore, the Company does not include it as a reportable segment.

Sales from one segment to another are generally priced at estimated equivalent commercial selling prices. Total revenue and total cost of revenue amounts included in the Eliminations column in the following tables include inter-segment transactions conducted between segments. Receivables due for sales from one segment to another and for corporate allocations to each segment are included in the Eliminations column for total assets in the following tables. All transactions conducted between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Transactions conducted by companies within the same reporting segment are eliminated within each reporting segment. Corporate selling, general and administrative costs are allocated to each segment based on forecasted revenue, expense and asset base. Corporate interest expense is allocated to each segment based on its inter-company payable position with the Company’s corporate entity. US income tax expense is not allocated to each segment. Foreign income tax expense is realized in the segment in which the foreign operations occur.

The following tables set forth certain financial information with respect to the Company’s reportable segments (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Well Completion Infrastructure Sand All Other Eliminations Total
Revenue from external customers $ 33,622  $ 110,383  $ 19,026  $ 24,901  $ —  $ 187,932 
Intersegment revenues 393  —  31  6,548  (6,972) — 
Total revenue 34,015  110,383  19,057  31,449  (6,972) 187,932 
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 38,005  92,081  17,790  22,875  —  170,751 
Intersegment cost of revenues 756  51  —  6,165  (6,972) — 
Total cost of revenue 38,761  92,132  17,790  29,040  (6,972) 170,751 
Selling, general and administrative, exclusive of stock based compensation 4,389  111,068  4,195  4,294  —  123,946 
Interest on trade accounts receivable —  (60,686) —  —  —  (60,686)
Adjusted EBITDA (9,135) (153,503) (2,928) (1,885) —  (167,451)
Reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net (loss) income (21,886) (166,089) (8,496) (10,855) —  (207,326)
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 10,889  2,774  5,228  6,188  —  25,079 
Losses (gains) on disposal of assets, net 52  (1,304) 1  (2,763) —  (4,014)
Stock based compensation 180  462  145  88  —  875 
Interest expense and financing charges, net 1,628  21,590  186  1,800  —  25,204 
Other expense, net 2  64,535  8  76  —  64,621 
(Benefit) provision for income taxes —  (14,785) —  3,581  —  (11,204)
Interest on trade accounts receivable —  (60,686) —  —  —  (60,686)
Adjusted EBITDA (9,135) (153,503) (2,928) (1,885) —  (167,451)
Total expenditures for property, plant and equipment $ 12,730  $ 2,815  $ —  $ 913  $ 607  $ 17,065 
As of December 31, 2024:
Total assets $ 61,728  $ 150,531  $ 118,855  $ (97,525) $ 150,442  $ 384,031 
Year Ended December 31, 2023 Well Completion Infrastructure Sand All Other Eliminations Total
Revenue from external customers $ 126,932  $ 110,537  $ 39,106  $ 32,917  $ —  $ 309,492 
Intersegment revenue 440  —  25  2,029  (2,494) — 
Total revenue 127,372  110,537  39,131  34,946  (2,494) 309,492 
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 103,880  90,478  25,666  27,816  —  247,840 
Intersegment cost of revenues 1,182  149  —  1,163  (2,494) — 
Total cost of revenue 105,062  90,627  25,666  28,979  (2,494) 247,840 
Selling, general and administrative, exclusive of stock based compensation 6,371  21,540  3,432  4,770  —  36,113 
Interest on trade accounts receivable —  45,440  —  —  —  45,440 
Adjusted EBITDA 15,939  43,810  10,033  1,197  —  70,979 
Reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net (loss) income (2,043) 8,237  1,824  (11,181) —  (3,163)
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 15,374  8,390  7,737  13,609  —  45,110 
Gains on disposal of assets, net (2,023) (510) (13) (3,495) —  (6,041)
Impairment of goodwill —  —  —  1,810  —  1,810 
Stock based compensation 496  538  186  125  —  1,345 
Interest expense and financing charges, net 4,133  9,753  317  1,993  —  16,196 
Other expense (income), net 2  (39,252) (18) (2,747) —  (42,015)
Provision for income taxes —  11,214  —  1,083  —  12,297 
Interest on trade accounts receivable —  45,440  —  —  —  45,440 
Adjusted EBITDA 15,939  43,810  10,033  1,197  —  70,979 
Total expenditures for property, plant and equipment $ 17,921  $ 716  $ 223  $ 432  $ 103  $ 19,395 
As of December 31, 2023:
Total assets $ 49,926  $ 462,429  $ 121,201  $ (40,156) $ 105,079  $ 698,479 
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Well Completion Infrastructure Sand All Other Eliminations Total
Revenue from external customers $ 165,645  $ 111,452  $ 48,916  $ 36,073  $ —  $ 362,086 
Intersegment revenues 596  —  2,475  2,057  (5,128) — 
Total revenue 166,241  111,452  51,391  38,130  (5,128) 362,086 
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 120,562  91,577  35,985  30,463  —  278,587 
Intersegment cost of revenues 3,882  72  —  1,174  (5,128) — 
Total cost of revenue 124,444  91,649  35,985  31,637  (5,128) 278,587 
Selling, general and administrative, exclusive of stock based compensation 7,765  18,798  6,988  5,080  —  38,631 
Interest on trade accounts receivable —  41,276  —  —  —  41,276 
Adjusted EBITDA 34,032  42,281  8,418  1,413  —  86,144 
Reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) 12,870  4,933  (886) (17,536) —  (619)
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 20,129  16,171  8,714  19,257  —  64,271 
Gains on disposal of assets, net (618) (795) (89) (2,406) —  (3,908)
Stock based compensation 369  349  118  87  —  923 
Interest expense and financing charges, net 1,625  7,390  575  1,916  —  11,506 
Other income, net (343) (40,470) (14) (85) —  (40,912)
Provision for income taxes —  13,427  —  180  —  13,607 
Interest on trade accounts receivable —  41,276  —  —  —  41,276 
Adjusted EBITDA 34,032  42,281  8,418  1,413  —  86,144 
Total expenditures for property, plant and equipment $ 11,421  $ 885  $ 88  $ 496  $ (153) $ 12,737 
As of December 31, 2022:
Total assets $ 79,022  $ 450,841  $ 129,566  $ 14,813  $ 50,436  $ 724,678 

Geographic Areas

The following table presents consolidated revenues by country based on sales destination of the products or services (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
United States $ 165,883  $ 287,467  $ 343,307 
Canada 22,033  21,746  18,603 
Other 16  279  176 
Total $ 187,932  $ 309,492  $ 362,086 

The following table presents long-lived assets, excluding deferred income tax assets, by country (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
United States $ 187,895  $ 189,697  $ 217,101 
Canada 7,549  10,013  10,885 
Total $ 195,444  $ 199,710  $ 227,986