Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Revenue

v3.20.2
Revenue
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
The Company's primary revenue streams include infrastructure services, pressure pumping services, natural sand proppant services, drilling services and other services, which includes coil tubing, pressure control, flowback, cementing, acidizing, equipment rentals, full service transportation, crude oil hauling, remote accommodations, oilfield equipment manufacturing and infrastructure engineering and design services. See Note 19 for the Company's revenue disaggregated by type.

Infrastructure Services
Infrastructure services are typically provided pursuant to master service agreements, repair and maintenance contracts or fixed price and non-fixed price installation contracts. Pricing under these contracts may be unit priced, cost-plus/hourly (or time and materials basis) or fixed price (or lump sum basis). Generally, the Company accounts for infrastructure services as a single performance obligation satisfied over time. In certain circumstances, the Company supplies materials that are utilized during the jobs as part of the agreement with the customer. The Company accounts for these infrastructure agreements as multiple performance obligations satisfied over time. Revenue is recognized over time as work progresses based on the days completed or as the contract is completed. Under certain customer contracts in our infrastructure services segment, the Company warranties equipment and labor performed for a specified period following substantial completion of the work. 
Pressure Pumping Services
Pressure pumping services are typically provided based upon a purchase order, contract or on a spot market basis. Services are provided on a day rate, contracted or hourly basis. Generally, the Company accounts for pressure pumping services as a single performance obligation satisfied over time. In certain circumstances, the Company supplies proppant that is utilized for pressure pumping as part of the agreement with the customer. The Company accounts for these pressure pumping agreements as multiple performance obligations satisfied over time. Jobs for these services are typically short-term in nature and range from a few hours to multiple days. Generally, revenue is recognized over time upon the completion of each segment of work based upon a completed field ticket, which includes the charges for the services performed, mobilization of the equipment to the location, consumable supplies and personnel.

Pursuant to a contract with Gulfport, Stingray Pressure Pumping has agreed to provide Gulfport with use of up to two pressure pumping fleets for the period covered by the contract. Under this agreement, performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered based on the passage of time rather than the completion of each segment of work. Stingray Pressure Pumping has the right to receive consideration from this customer even if circumstances prevent us from performing work. All consideration owed to Stingray Pressure Pumping for services performed during the contractual period is fixed and the right to receive it is unconditional. Gulfport has filed a legal action in Delaware state court seeking the termination of this contract and monetary damages. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, Stingray Pressure Pumping generated $34.7 million in revenues under this contract with Gulfport. Gulfport made payments of $6.8 million to the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 related to revenue recognized for services in 2019 prior to the alleged termination date, and owed the Company $36.1 million as of September 30, 2020 under the contract, which includes $2.2 million in interest on delinquent accounts receivable. The revenue recognized and related accounts receivable balance owed to the Company are reflected in “services revenue—related parties” and “receivables from related parties” on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) and unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 below.

Additional revenue is generated through labor charges and the sale of consumable supplies that are incidental to the service being performed. Such amounts are recognized ratably over the period during which the corresponding goods and services are consumed.

Natural Sand Proppant Services
The Company sells natural sand proppant through sand supply agreements with its customers. Under these agreements, sand is typically sold at a flat rate per ton or a flat rate per ton with an index-based adjustment. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when the customer obtains legal title to the product, which may occur at the production facility, rail origin or at the destination terminal.

Certain of the Company's sand supply agreements, including its agreement with Gulfport, contain a minimum volume commitment related to sand purchases whereby the Company charges a shortfall payment if the customer fails to meet the required minimum volume commitment. These agreements may also contain make-up provisions whereby shortfall payments can be applied in future periods against purchased volumes exceeding the minimum volume commitment. If a make-up right exists, the Company has future performance obligations to deliver excess volumes of product in subsequent months. In accordance with ASC 606, if the customer fails to meet the minimum volume commitment, the Company will assess whether it expects the customer to fulfill its unmet commitment during the contractually specified make-up period based on discussions with the customer and management's knowledge of the business. If the Company expects the customer will make-up deficient volumes in future periods, revenue related to shortfall payments will be deferred and recognized on the earlier of the date on which the customer utilizes make-up volumes or the likelihood that the customer will exercise its right to make-up deficient volumes becomes remote. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had deferred revenue totaling $10.8 million related to shortfall payments. This amount is included in “accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. If the Company does not expect the customer will make-up deficient volumes in future periods, the breakage model will be applied and revenue related to shortfall payments will be recognized when the model indicates the customer's inability to take delivery of excess volumes. The Company recognized revenue totaling $4.9 million and $14.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $0.3 million and $1.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, related to shortfall payments.

Pursuant to its contract with Gulfport, Muskie has agreed to sell and deliver specified amounts of sand to Gulfport. In September 2020, Muskie filed a lawsuit against Gulfport to recover delinquent payments due under this agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, Muskie generated $5.6 million in revenues under this contract with Gulfport. Gulfport made payments of $4.4 million to the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, of
which $1.3 million relates to revenue recognized in 2019, and owed the Company $2.4 million as of September 30, 2020 under the contract, which includes a nominal amount of interest on delinquent accounts receivable. The revenue recognized and related accounts receivable balance owed to the Company are reflected in “product revenue—related parties” and “receivables from related parties” on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) and unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 below.

In certain of the Company's sand supply agreements, the customer obtains control of the product when it is loaded into rail cars and the customer reimburses the Company for all freight charges incurred. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the sand. If revenue is recognized for the related product before the shipping and handling activities occur, the Company accrues the related costs of those shipping and handling activities.

Drilling Services
Contract drilling services were provided under daywork contracts. Directional drilling services, including motor rentals, are provided on a day rate or hourly basis, and revenue is recognized as work progresses. Performance obligations are satisfied over time as the work progresses based on the measure of output. Mobilization revenue and costs were recognized over the days of actual drilling. As a result of market conditions, the Company has temporarily shut down its contract land drilling operations beginning in December 2019 and rig hauling operations beginning in April 2020.

Other Services
During the periods presented, the Company also provided coil tubing, pressure control, flowback, cementing, equipment rentals, full service transportation, crude oil hauling, remote accommodations, oilfield equipment manufacturing and infrastructure engineering and design services, which are reported under other services. As a result of market conditions, the Company has temporarily shut down its cementing and acidizing operations as well as its flowback operations beginning in July 2019 and its coil tubing and full service transportation operations beginning in July 2020. The Company's other services are typically provided based upon a purchase order, contract or on a spot market basis. Services are provided on a day rate, contracted or hourly basis. Performance obligations for these services are satisfied over time and revenue is recognized as the work progresses based on the measure of output. Jobs for these services are typically short-term in nature and range from a few hours to multiple days.

Practical Expedients
The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts in which variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation.

Contract Balances
Following is a rollforward of the Company's contract liabilities (in thousands):
Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 4,304 
Deduction for recognition of revenue (4,827)
Increase for deferral of shortfall payments 8,442 
Increase for deferral of customer prepayments 675 
Deduction of shortfall payments due to contract renegotiations (1,350)
Balance, December 31, 2019 7,244 
Deduction for recognition of revenue (14,928)
Increase for deferral of shortfall payments 18,211 
Increase for deferral of customer prepayments 234 
Balance, September 30, 2020 $ 10,761 

The Company did not have any contract assets as of September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
Performance ObligationsRevenue recognized in the current period from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods was a nominal amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had unsatisfied performance obligations totaling $54.2 million, which will be recognized over the next 1.2 years.