Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and the variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Unless otherwise indicated, information in these notes to our consolidated financial statements relates to continuing operations. Certain of our operations have been presented as discontinued. See Note 3 for further information.
Variable Interest Entities
The Company consolidates a VIE when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary, which is the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) through its interests in the VIE, the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. See Note 11 for more information on the Company’s VIEs.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company’s sand reserves and their impact on calculating depletion expense, allowance for expected credit losses, fair values used to assess recoverability and impairment of long-lived assets, including goodwill, estimates of income taxes and the estimated effects of litigation and other contingencies.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. On December 13, 2024, Anaconda Rentals, Aquahawk, Barracuda, Bison Sand, IFX, Ivory Freight, Coil Tubing, Redback Energy, Pumpdown, Stingray Cementing and WTL were merged into Orca. Due to the merger of these entities into Orca, the results for Aquahawk, Bison Sand, Pumpdown and Barracuda are now included in Other Services. The results for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect these changes. There was no impact on previously reported total assets, total liabilities, net income (loss) or equity for the periods presented.
Change in Accounting Estimate
The Company is party to sale leaseback agreements whereby it has the option to purchase the assets at the end of the lease terms. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company changed its estimate of the purchase price at the end of the leases. The effect of this change in estimate for the year ended December 31, 2024 was a decrease to net income of $9.9 million, or $0.21 per both basic and diluted share.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Restricted cash at December 31, 2025 consisted of amounts held in escrow related to the sale of certain of our infrastructure subsidiaries as discussed in Note 3. Restricted cash as of December 31, 2024 consisted of amounts held by the Company’s lender as collateral for a letter of credit, which was subsequently released in October 2025. The Company maintains its cash accounts in financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, with the exception of cash held by Sand Tiger in a Canadian financial institution. At December 31, 2025, the Company had $4.1 million, in Canadian dollars, of cash in Canadian accounts. Cash balances from time to time may exceed the insured amounts; however, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risks on such accounts.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the statement of financial position that sums to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statement of cash flows.
Marketable Securities
The Company considers all of its marketable publicly held securities as available for use in current operations, and therefore classifies these securities within current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Securities are carried at fair value, with the change in unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported within “other (expense) income, net” on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) until realized.
Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable include amounts due from customers for services performed or goods sold. The Company grants credit to customers in the ordinary course of business and generally does not require collateral. Prior to granting credit to customers, the Company analyzes the potential customer’s risk profile by utilizing a credit report, analyzing macroeconomic factors and using its knowledge of the industry, among other factors. Most areas in the continental United States in which the Company operates provide for a mechanic’s lien against the property on which the service is performed if the lien is filed within the statutorily specified time frame. Customer balances are generally considered delinquent if unpaid by the due date, which generally ranges from 30 to 60 days following the invoice date, and credit privileges may be revoked if balances remain unpaid. Interest on delinquent trade accounts receivable is recognized in “other (expense) income, net” on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) when chargeable and collectability is reasonably assured.
During the period October 2017 through March 2019, the Company provided infrastructure services in Puerto Rico under master services agreements entered into by Cobra, one of the Company’s subsidiaries, with the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (“PREPA”) to perform repairs to PREPA’s electrical grid as a result of Hurricane Maria. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company charged interest on delinquent trade accounts receivable pursuant to the terms of its agreements with PREPA totaling $20.8 million. As discussed in more detail below, on July 22, 2024, Cobra entered into a release and settlement agreement with PREPA and the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (the “FOMB”), in its capacity as Title III representative for PREPA, to settle all outstanding matters between Cobra and PREPA (the “Settlement Agreement”). As a result of the Settlement Agreement, Cobra recognized a charge to interest on delinquent accounts receivable totaling $81.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 to reduce its accounts receivable balance to the amount expected to be collected in relation to interest charged to PREPA. These amounts are included in “other (expense) income, net” in the accompanying consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). See below for a full description of the Settlement Agreement and its impact on the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, accounts receivable included receivables from contracts with customers totaling $28.1 million and $31.3 million, respectively. Included in accounts receivable at December 31, 2024, were receivables related to income taxes totaling $8.9 million.
Allowance for Current Expected Credit Losses
The Company regularly reviews receivables and provides for expected losses through an allowance for expected credit losses. In evaluating the level of established reserves, the Company makes judgments regarding its customers’ ability to make required payments, economic events and other factors. As the financial condition of customers changes, circumstances develop, or additional information becomes available, adjustments to the allowance for expected credit losses may be required. In the event the Company expects that a customer may not be able to make required payments, the Company would increase the allowance through a charge to income in the period in which that determination is made. If it is determined that previously reserved amounts are collectible, the Company would decrease the allowance through a credit to income in the period in which that determination is made. Uncollectible accounts receivable are periodically charged against the allowance for expected credit losses once a final determination is made regarding their collectability.
Following is a roll forward of the allowance for expected credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
The Company has made specific reserves consistent with Company policy which resulted in additions to allowance for expected credit losses totaling $0.1 million and $171.4 million respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. These additions were charged to credit loss expense based on the factors described above.
PREPA
On October 19, 2017, one of our subsidiaries, Cobra, and PREPA entered into an emergency master services agreement for repairs to PREPA’s electrical grid as a result of Hurricane Maria. The one-year contract, as amended, provided for payments of up to $945 million (the “first contract”). On May 26, 2018, Cobra and PREPA entered into a second one-year, $900 million master services agreement to provide additional repair services and begin the initial phase of reconstruction of the electrical power system in Puerto Rico (the “second contract”). PREPA is currently subject to bankruptcy proceedings, which were filed in July 2017 and are currently pending in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico (the “Title III Court”). As a result, PREPA’s ability to meet its payment obligations under the above-referenced agreements was largely dependent upon funding from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) or other sources. Since September 30, 2019, Cobra has been pursuing litigation in the Title III Court and other dispute resolution efforts seeking recovery of the amounts owed to Cobra by PREPA for restoration services in Puerto Rico, which proceedings are discussed in more detail in the Company’s prior reports filed with the SEC. PREPA was holding approximately $18.4 million in funds (the “Withheld FEMA Funds”) received from FEMA and considered payable to Cobra but had been withheld due to garnishments asserted by three Puerto Rican municipalities (the “Specified Municipalities”) for certain municipal tax claims discussed in Mammoth’s filings with the SEC (the “Specified Municipal Tax Claims”) and for which Cobra disputed any valid garnishment.
On July 22, 2024, Cobra entered into a release and settlement agreement with PREPA and the FOMB, in its capacity as Title III representative for PREPA, to settle all outstanding matters between Cobra and PREPA.
Under the terms of the Settlement Agreement, Cobra was allowed an administrative expense claim against PREPA of $170.0 million, plus the $18.4 million in the Withheld FEMA Funds. Cobra’s allowed claim will be paid through three installments: (i) $150.0 million on the later of (A) business days following approval of the Settlement Agreement by the Title III Court and (B) August 31, 2024; (ii) $20.0 million within seven days following the effective date of PREPA’s plan of adjustment; and (iii) $18.4 million (subject to providing one or more indemnity letters of credit) in the Withheld FEMA Funds within either (A) business days after the deadline for appealing the entry of the settlement order by the Title III Court under the applicable bankruptcy rules of procedure if no such appeal is filed, or (B) if the provisions of the settlement order allowing PREPA to release the Withheld FEMA Funds to Cobra without retaining any liability to the Specified Municipalities are appealed by the Specified Municipalities, within business days of the filing of the notice of such appeal.
The Settlement Agreement was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on July 22, 2024, and was also approved by the PREPA Board and by the FOMB. On September 18, 2024, the Settlement Agreement was approved by the Title III Court overruling all objections thereto and an order was entered the same day (the “Settlement Order”). On October 1, 2024, Cobra received the first installment payment of $150.0 million from the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in connection with the Settlement Agreement with PREPA. Also on October 1, 2024, certain Puerto Rico municipalities and Foreman Electric Services Inc. that had objected to approval of the Settlement Order each filed timely notices of appeal of the Settlement Order to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. None of the foregoing parties have sought a stay of the Settlement Order pending such appeals. Although the ultimate outcome of these appeals cannot be predicted with certainty, Cobra believes that the appeals are without merit.
On October 18, 2024, Cobra received a payment from PREPA totaling $18.4 million under the terms of the Settlement Agreement. In connection with the receipt of the $18.4 million from PREPA, Cobra instructed Fifth Third Bank, National Association (“Fifth Third Bank”) to issue a letter of credit to PREPA under the Reimbursement Agreement in the amount of $18.4 million and transferred a total of $19.3 million to a restricted cash account maintained by Fifth Third Bank as collateral for the letter of credit.
As a result of the Settlement Agreement, the Company recorded a non-cash, pre-tax charge of approximately $170.7 million in the second quarter of 2024 to reduce its accounts receivable balance from PREPA of $359.1 million,
representing the amount owed to Cobra by PREPA in relation to these agreements as of June 30, 2024, including the
accrued but unpaid interest, prior to the Settlement Agreement, to the amount expected to be received from the Settlement Agreement. Of the $170.7 million, $89.2 million was charged to credit loss expense, which is included in “selling, general and administrative” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss), and $81.5 million was charged to interest on delinquent accounts receivable, which is included in “other (expense) income, net” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss). Complete performance of the Settlement Agreement is not met until PREPA satisfies the remaining $20.0 million payment. Therefore, the Company recorded the $170.7 million as an allowance for expected credit losses.
Inventory
Inventory consists of raw sand and processed sand available for sale and supplies used in performing services. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market (net realizable value) on an average cost basis. The Company assesses the valuation of its inventories based upon specific usage, future utility, obsolescence and other factors.
Inventory manufactured at the Company’s sand production facilities includes direct excavation costs, processing costs and overhead allocation. Stockpile tonnages are calculated by measuring the number of tons added and removed from the stockpile. Costs are calculated on a per ton basis and are applied to the stockpiles based on the number of tons in the stockpile. Inventory transported for sale at the Company’s terminal facility includes the cost of purchased or manufactured sand, plus transportation related charges.
See Note 5 for additional disclosure related to inventory.
Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses primarily consist of insurance costs and lease expense. These costs are expensed over the periods that they benefit. Other current assets primarily consists of financed insurance premiums related to our insurance policies. These costs are expensed over the terms of the policies.
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, including renewals and betterments, are capitalized and stated at cost, while maintenance and repairs that do not increase the capacity, improve the efficiency or safety, or improve or extend the useful life are charged to operations as incurred. Disposals are removed at cost, less accumulated depreciation, and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in operations. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life, or the remaining lease term, as applicable. Depreciation does not begin until property, plant and equipment is placed in service. Once placed in service, depreciation on property, plant and equipment continues while being repaired, refurbished, or between periods of deployment.
Sand Reserves, net
Sand reserve costs include engineering, mineralogical studies and other related costs to develop the mine, the removal of overburden to initially expose the mineral and building access ways. Exploration costs are expensed as incurred and classified as product cost of revenue. Capitalization of mine development project costs begins once the deposit is classified as proven and probable reserves. Drilling and related costs are capitalized for deposits where proven and probable reserves exist and the activities are directed at obtaining additional information on the deposit or converting non-reserve minerals to proven and probable reserves and the benefit is to be realized over a period greater than one year. Mining property and development costs are amortized using the units-of-production method on estimated measured tons in in-place reserves. The impact of revisions to reserve estimates is recognized on a prospective basis.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets for recoverability in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 360, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Possible indicators of impairment may include events or changes in circumstances affecting the manner in which the assets are being used, historical and estimated future profitability measures, and other adverse events or changes that could affect the value of the assets.
If a triggering event is identified, recoverability is assessed using undiscounted future net cash flows of assets grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. When alternative courses of action to recover the carrying amount of the asset group are under consideration, estimates of future undiscounted cash flows take into account possible outcomes and probabilities of their occurrence, which require us to apply judgment. If the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable based on its estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount by which its carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value. The assumptions used in the impairment evaluation of long-lived assets are inherently uncertain and require management’s judgment. See Note 6 for additional disclosure related to impairment of long-lived assets.
Other Non-Current Assets
Other non-current assets primarily consist of deferred financing costs on our revolving credit facility (see Note 10), our equity method investment (see Note 8) and capital contributions made to our group captive and protective cell captive insurance companies (see Note 18). Investments are accounted for under the equity method in circumstances where the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and investing policies of the investee, but does not have control. Under the equity method, the Company recognizes its share of the investee’s earnings in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Investments are evaluated for impairment and a charge to earnings is recognized when any identified impairment is determined to be other than temporary.
Asset Retirement Obligations
Mine reclamation costs, future remediation costs for inactive mines and other contractual site remediation costs are accrued based on management’s best estimate at the end of each period of the costs expected to be incurred at a site. Such cost estimates include, where applicable, ongoing care, maintenance and monitoring costs. Changes in estimates are reflected in earnings in the period an estimate is revised.
Following is a rollforward of the Company’s asset retirement obligations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
Amortizable Intangible Assets
Intangible assets subject to amortization include trade names, which are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements in its entirety requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company uses appropriate valuation techniques based on available inputs to measure the fair values of its assets and liabilities.
Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets as of the reporting date.
Level 2 - Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. These are inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data and may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value.
A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. There were no transfers into, or out of, the three levels of fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable as well as financing and operating lease obligations and financed insurance premium obligations. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated fair value on December 31, 2025 and 2024 due to their short-term nature. The carrying values of amounts outstanding under financing and operating lease obligations and financed insurance premium obligations approximated fair value on December 31, 2025 and 2024, as the effective borrowing rates approximated market rates.
Recurring Measurements
The fair value of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities are measured on a recurring basis and are carried at estimated fair value. Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts and treasury bills which the Company has classified as Level 1 given the active market for these assets. Marketable securities are presented and are also classified as Level 1 due to their quoted prices in active markets. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at fair value of $113.6 million and $56.5 million, respectively.
Nonrecurring Measurements
The Company estimates fair value to perform impairment tests on long-lived assets including property, plant and equipment. The inputs used to determine such fair value may be based on internally developed cash flow models or market appraisals, both of which would generally be classified within Level 3 in the event that such assets were required to be measured and recorded at fair value.
As discussed in Note 6, the Company changed the classification of certain of its natural sand proppant assets from held for use to held for sale during the year ended December 31, 2025, which required the Company to estimate the fair value of such assets using Level 3 inputs described above. The Company determined that the carrying value of these natural sand proppant assets exceeded the fair value and, therefore, recognized impairment expense of $31.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2025.
As discussed in Note 6, the Company changed the classification of its drilling rig assets from held for use to held for sale during the year ended December 31, 2025, which required the Company to estimate the fair value of such assets. Cash flow models or market appraisals used to determine such fair value may be based on inputs that are classified within Level 3. The Company determined that the fair value of its drilling rig assets exceeding the carrying value and, therefore, no impairment was recognized.
At December 31, 2024, certain of the Company’s assets used in its other services were triggered for impairment based on their operating cash flows. The Company estimated the fair value of these assets and determined the fair value exceeded the carrying value and, therefore, no impairment was recognized at December 31, 2024.
Revenue Recognition
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from contract billing or payment schedules, resulting in revenues that have been earned but not billed (“unbilled revenue”) or amounts that have been billed, but not earned (“deferred revenue”). The Company had $1.9 million and $7.7 million, respectively, of unbilled revenue included in “accounts receivable, net” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company had $1.4 million and $1.6 million of deferred revenue included in “accrued expenses and other current liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Earnings per Share
Basic and diluted loss per share from continuing operations is computed using net loss from continuing operations and the weighted‑average common shares outstanding. Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, is presented separately, and net income (loss) per share is computed using consolidated net income (loss). Diluted EPS excludes securities that are anti‑dilutive. See Note 14.
Equity-based Compensation
The Company measures equity-based payments at fair value on the date of grant and expenses the value of these equity-based payments in compensation expense over the applicable vesting periods. See Note 15.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company’s stock-based compensation program consists of restricted stock units granted to employees and restricted stock units granted to non-employee directors under the Mammoth Energy Services, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) and Mammoth Energy Services, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”). The Company recognizes in its financial statements the cost of employee services received in exchange for restricted stock based on the fair value of the equity instruments as of the grant date. In general, this value is amortized over the vesting period; for grants with a non-substantive service condition, this value is recognized immediately. Amounts are recognized in cost of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses. See Note 16.
Income Taxes
The Company’s operations are included in a consolidated federal income tax return and other state returns. Accordingly, the Company has recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases for all our subsidiaries as if each entity were a corporation, regardless of its actual characterization for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Under FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using statutory tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rate are recognized in the period that includes the statutory enactment date. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is recognized when it is more likely than not that the benefit of deferred tax assets will not be realized. To assess that likelihood, the Company uses estimates and judgments regarding future taxable income, as well as the jurisdiction in which such taxable income is generated, to determine whether a valuation allowance is required. Certain income from our infrastructure services segment and income from our remote accommodations business is subject to foreign income taxes, and such taxes are provided in the financial statements pursuant to FASB ASC 740.
The Company evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in preparation of its tax returns and disallows the recognition of tax positions that do not meet a “more likely than not” threshold of being sustained upon examination by
the taxing authorities. The Company has recorded interest and penalty payable of $12.5 million and $8.5 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, related to the 2022, 2023 and 2024 tax year returns in Puerto Rico and the 2020 tax year return in the United States. It is the Company’s policy to recognize interest and applicable penalties in income tax expense.
Litigation and Contingencies
Accruals for litigation and contingencies are reflected in the consolidated financial statements based on management’s assessment, including advice of legal counsel, of the expected outcome of litigation or other dispute resolution proceedings and/or the expected resolution of contingencies. Liabilities for estimated losses are accrued if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability of loss and the determination as to whether the amount is reasonably estimable. Accruals are based only on information available at the time of the assessment due to the uncertain nature of such matters. As additional information becomes available, management reassesses potential liabilities related to pending claims and litigation and may revise its previous estimates. See Note 18.
Foreign Currency Translation
For foreign operations, assets and liabilities are translated at the period-end exchange rate and income statement items are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive loss. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are re-measured at the balance sheet date. Transaction gains or losses are included as a component of current period earnings.
Environmental Matters
The Company is subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Management has established procedures for the ongoing evaluation of the Company’s operations, to identify potential environmental exposures and to comply with regulatory policies and procedures. Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and do not contribute to current or future revenue generation are expensed as incurred. Liabilities are recorded when environmental costs are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. The Company maintains insurance which may cover in whole or in part certain environmental matters. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no probable environmental matters.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive income (loss) included certain changes in equity that are excluded from net income (loss). Specifically, cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents in excess of federally insured limits and trade receivables. Following is a summary of our significant customers based on accounts receivable balances at December 31, 2025 and 2024 and revenues derived for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
(a)Revenues and the related accounts receivable balances earned from Customer A were derived from the Company’s natural sand proppant services segment.
(b)Revenues and the related accounts receivable balances earned from Customer B were derived from the Company’s accommodations services segment.
(c)Revenues and the related accounts receivable balances earned from Customer C were derived from the Company’s rental services segment.
(d)Revenues and the related accounts receivable balances earned from Customer D were derived from the Company’s natural sand proppant services segment.
(e)The accounts receivable balance with Customer E was derived from the Company’s other services.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”, which requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied either on a prospective basis or retrospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets”, which amends ASC 326-20 to provide a practical expedient for all entities when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. The practical expedient assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. ASU 2025-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements (“ASU 2025-11”). The amendments clarify and reorganize existing interim reporting guidance, including the scope of Topic 270 and interim disclosure requirements, and introduce a disclosure principle requiring entities to disclose material events or changes occurring since the most recent annual reporting period. ASU 2025-11 is effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-11 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which enhances income tax disclosures primarily through additional disaggregation and standardization of the effective tax rate reconciliation and disclosure of income taxes paid by jurisdiction.The Company adopted ASU 2023‑09 for the year ended December 31, 2025, and applied the amended disclosure requirements retrospectively to all periods presented. See Note 12, “Income Taxes” to our consolidated financial statements.
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