Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
12 Months Ended |
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Dec. 31, 2025 | |
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
| Basis of Presentation | The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and reflect all adjustments, which in the opinion of management are necessary for the fair presentation of the results. |
| Principles of Consolidation |
Mammoth Energy Services, Inc. (“Mammoth Inc.”, “Mammoth” or the “Company”), together with its subsidiaries, is an integrated, growth-oriented company focused on providing products and services to our customers primarily in the oil and natural gas, aviation and utility infrastructure industries in North America. Mammoth’s suite of services includes rental services, infrastructure services, natural sand proppant services, accommodation services and drilling services. The Company’s rental services include a wide range of equipment used in oilfield, construction and aviation activities. The Company’s infrastructure services include providing fiber optic services to the utility infrastructure industry. The Company’s natural sand proppant services include mining, processing and selling natural sand proppant used for hydraulic fracturing. The Company’s accommodation services include housing, kitchen and dining, and recreational service facilities for workers located in remote areas away from readily available lodging. The Company’s drilling services includes providing directional drilling to oilfield operators. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in June 2016.
The following companies are included in these consolidated financial statements: Bison Drilling and Field Services, LLC (“Bison Drilling”), formed November 2010; Bison Trucking LLC (“Bison Trucking”), formed August 2013; Mr. Inspections LLC (“MRI”), formed January 2015; Panther Drilling Systems LLC (“Panther”), formed December 2012; Muskie Proppant LLC (“Muskie”), formed September 2011; Stingray Pressure Pumping LLC (“Stingray Pressure Pumping”), acquired November 2014; Silverback Energy LLC (“Silverback”), formerly known as Stingray Logistics LLC, acquired November 2014; Great White Sand Tiger Lodging Ltd. (“Sand Tiger”), formed October 2007; Mammoth Energy Partners LLC, formed October 2016; Mammoth Equipment Leasing LLC, formed November 2016; Cobra Acquisitions LLC (“Cobra”), formed January 2017; Lion Power Services LLC (“Lion Power”), formerly known as Cobra Energy LLC, formed January 2017; Mako Acquisitions LLC (“Mako”), formed March 2017; Piranha Proppant LLC (“Piranha”), formed March 2017; Higher Power Electrical LLC (“Higher Power”), acquired April 2017 and sold April 2025; Stingray Energy Services LLC (“SR Energy”), acquired June 2017; Sturgeon Acquisitions LLC (“Sturgeon”), acquired June 2017; Taylor Frac, LLC (“Taylor Frac”), acquired June 2017; Taylor Real Estate Investments, LLC (“Taylor RE”), acquired June 2017; South River Road, LLC (“South River”), acquired June 2017; 5 Star Electric, LLC (“5 Star”), acquired July 2017 and sold April 2025; Tiger Shark Logistics LLC (“Tiger Shark”), formed October 2017; Cobra Aviation Services LLC (“Cobra Aviation”), formed January 2018; Dire Wolf Energy Services LLC (“Dire Wolf”), formed January 2018; Black Mamba Energy LLC (“Black Mamba”), formed March 2018; Stingray Cementing and Acidizing LLC (“Stingray Cementing and Acidizing”), formerly known as RTS Energy Services LLC (“RTS”), acquired June 2018; Orca Energy Services LLC (“Orca”), formed June 2018; Python Equipment LLC (“Python”), formed December 2018 and sold April 2025; Leopard Aviation LLC (“Leopard”), formed April 2019; Predator Aviation LLC (“Predator Aviation”), formed April 2019; Anaconda Manufacturing LLC (“Anaconda”), formed July 2019; Aquawolf LLC (“Aquawolf”), formed September 2019 and sold December 2025; and Falcon Fiber Solutions LLC (“Falcon”), formed March 2021.
On December 13, 2024, the following entities were merged into Orca: Anaconda Rentals LLC, formerly known as White Wing Tubular Services LLC; Barracuda Logistics LLC (“Barracuda”); Redback Energy Services, LLC (“Redback Energy”); Redback Coil Tubing, LLC (“Coil Tubing”); Redback Pumpdown Services LLC (“Pumpdown”); WTL Oil LLC (“WTL”), formerly known as Silverback Energy Services LLC; Stingray Cementing LLC (“Cementing”); Bison Sand Logistics LLC (“Bison Sand”); Aquahawk Energy LLC (“Aquahawk”); Ivory Freight Solutions LLC (“Ivory Freight”); and IFX Transport LLC (“IFX”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and the variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Unless otherwise indicated, information in these notes to our consolidated financial statements relates to continuing operations. Certain of our operations have been presented as discontinued.
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| Variable Interest Entities | The Company consolidates a VIE when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary, which is the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) through its interests in the VIE, the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. |
| Use of Estimates | The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company’s sand reserves and their impact on calculating depletion expense, allowance for expected credit losses, fair values used to assess recoverability and impairment of long-lived assets, including goodwill, estimates of income taxes and the estimated effects of litigation and other contingencies. |
| Reclassifications |
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. On December 13, 2024, Anaconda Rentals, Aquahawk, Barracuda, Bison Sand, IFX, Ivory Freight, Coil Tubing, Redback Energy, Pumpdown, Stingray Cementing and WTL were merged into Orca. Due to the merger of these entities into Orca, the results for Aquahawk, Bison Sand, Pumpdown and Barracuda are now included in Other Services. The results for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect these changes. There was no impact on previously reported total assets, total liabilities, net income (loss) or equity for the periods presented.
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| Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Restricted cash at December 31, 2025 consisted of amounts held in escrow related to the sale of certain of our infrastructure subsidiaries as discussed in Note 3. Restricted cash as of December 31, 2024 consisted of amounts held by the Company’s lender as collateral for a letter of credit, which was subsequently released in October 2025. The Company maintains its cash accounts in financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, with the exception of cash held by Sand Tiger in a Canadian financial institution. Cash balances from time to time may exceed the insured amounts; however, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risks on such accounts. |
| Marketable Securities | The Company considers all of its marketable publicly held securities as available for use in current operations, and therefore classifies these securities within current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Securities are carried at fair value, with the change in unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported within “other (expense) income, net” on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) until realized. |
| Accounts Receivable, net |
Accounts receivable include amounts due from customers for services performed or goods sold. The Company grants credit to customers in the ordinary course of business and generally does not require collateral. Prior to granting credit to customers, the Company analyzes the potential customer’s risk profile by utilizing a credit report, analyzing macroeconomic factors and using its knowledge of the industry, among other factors. Most areas in the continental United States in which the Company operates provide for a mechanic’s lien against the property on which the service is performed if the lien is filed within the statutorily specified time frame. Customer balances are generally considered delinquent if unpaid by the due date, which generally ranges from 30 to 60 days following the invoice date, and credit privileges may be revoked if balances remain unpaid. Interest on delinquent trade accounts receivable is recognized in “other (expense) income, net” on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) when chargeable and collectability is reasonably assured.
The Company regularly reviews receivables and provides for expected losses through an allowance for expected credit losses. In evaluating the level of established reserves, the Company makes judgments regarding its customers’ ability to make required payments, economic events and other factors. As the financial condition of customers changes, circumstances develop, or additional information becomes available, adjustments to the allowance for expected credit losses may be required. In the event the Company expects that a customer may not be able to make required payments, the Company would increase the allowance through a charge to income in the period in which that determination is made. If it is determined that previously reserved amounts are collectible, the Company would decrease the allowance through a credit to income in the period in which that determination is made. Uncollectible accounts receivable are periodically charged against the allowance for expected credit losses once a final determination is made regarding their collectability.
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| Inventory |
Inventory consists of raw sand and processed sand available for sale and supplies used in performing services. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market (net realizable value) on an average cost basis. The Company assesses the valuation of its inventories based upon specific usage, future utility, obsolescence and other factors.
Inventory manufactured at the Company’s sand production facilities includes direct excavation costs, processing costs and overhead allocation. Stockpile tonnages are calculated by measuring the number of tons added and removed from the stockpile. Costs are calculated on a per ton basis and are applied to the stockpiles based on the number of tons in the stockpile. Inventory transported for sale at the Company’s terminal facility includes the cost of purchased or manufactured sand, plus transportation related charges. Inventories Inventories consist of raw sand and processed sand available for sale and supplies used in performing services. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on an average cost basis.
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| Other Current Assets |
Prepaid expenses primarily consist of insurance costs and lease expense. These costs are expensed over the periods that they benefit. Other current assets primarily consists of financed insurance premiums related to our insurance policies. These costs are expensed over the terms of the policies.
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| Property, Plant and Equipment, net | Property, plant and equipment, including renewals and betterments, are capitalized and stated at cost, while maintenance and repairs that do not increase the capacity, improve the efficiency or safety, or improve or extend the useful life are charged to operations as incurred. Disposals are removed at cost, less accumulated depreciation, and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in operations. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life, or the remaining lease term, as applicable. Depreciation does not begin until property, plant and equipment is placed in service. Once placed in service, depreciation on property, plant and equipment continues while being repaired, refurbished, or between periods of deployment. |
| Sand Reserves, net |
Sand reserve costs include engineering, mineralogical studies and other related costs to develop the mine, the removal of overburden to initially expose the mineral and building access ways. Exploration costs are expensed as incurred and classified as product cost of revenue. Capitalization of mine development project costs begins once the deposit is classified as proven and probable reserves. Drilling and related costs are capitalized for deposits where proven and probable reserves exist and the activities are directed at obtaining additional information on the deposit or converting non-reserve minerals to proven and probable reserves and the benefit is to be realized over a period greater than one year. Mining property and development costs are amortized using the units-of-production method on estimated measured tons in in-place reserves. The impact of revisions to reserve estimates is recognized on a prospective basis.
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| Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
The Company reviews long-lived assets for recoverability in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 360, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Possible indicators of impairment may include events or changes in circumstances affecting the manner in which the assets are being used, historical and estimated future profitability measures, and other adverse events or changes that could affect the value of the assets.
If a triggering event is identified, recoverability is assessed using undiscounted future net cash flows of assets grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. When alternative courses of action to recover the carrying amount of the asset group are under consideration, estimates of future undiscounted cash flows take into account possible outcomes and probabilities of their occurrence, which require us to apply judgment. If the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable based on its estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount by which its carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value. The assumptions used in the impairment evaluation of long-lived assets are inherently uncertain and require management’s judgment. See Note 6 for additional disclosure related to impairment of long-lived assets.
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| Other Non-Current Assets | Other non-current assets primarily consist of deferred financing costs on our revolving credit facility (see Note 10), our equity method investment (see Note 8) and capital contributions made to our group captive and protective cell captive insurance companies (see Note 18). Investments are accounted for under the equity method in circumstances where the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and investing policies of the investee, but does not have control. Under the equity method, the Company recognizes its share of the investee’s earnings in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Investments are evaluated for impairment and a charge to earnings is recognized when any identified impairment is determined to be other than temporary. |
| Asset Retirement Obligations | Mine reclamation costs, future remediation costs for inactive mines and other contractual site remediation costs are accrued based on management’s best estimate at the end of each period of the costs expected to be incurred at a site. Such cost estimates include, where applicable, ongoing care, maintenance and monitoring costs. Changes in estimates are reflected in earnings in the period an estimate is revised. |
| Amortizable Intangible Assets | Intangible assets subject to amortization include trade names, which are amortized over their estimated useful lives. |
| Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements in its entirety requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company uses appropriate valuation techniques based on available inputs to measure the fair values of its assets and liabilities.
Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets as of the reporting date.
Level 2 - Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. These are inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data and may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value.
A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. There were no transfers into, or out of, the three levels of fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable as well as financing and operating lease obligations and financed insurance premium obligations. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated fair value on December 31, 2025 and 2024 due to their short-term nature. The carrying values of amounts outstanding under financing and operating lease obligations and financed insurance premium obligations approximated fair value on December 31, 2025 and 2024, as the effective borrowing rates approximated market rates.
Recurring Measurements
The fair value of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities are measured on a recurring basis and are carried at estimated fair value. Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts and treasury bills which the Company has classified as Level 1 given the active market for these assets. Marketable securities are presented and are also classified as Level 1 due to their quoted prices in active markets. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at fair value of $113.6 million and $56.5 million, respectively.
Nonrecurring Measurements
The Company estimates fair value to perform impairment tests on long-lived assets including property, plant and equipment. The inputs used to determine such fair value may be based on internally developed cash flow models or market appraisals, both of which would generally be classified within Level 3 in the event that such assets were required to be measured and recorded at fair value.
As discussed in Note 6, the Company changed the classification of certain of its natural sand proppant assets from held for use to held for sale during the year ended December 31, 2025, which required the Company to estimate the fair value of such assets using Level 3 inputs described above. The Company determined that the carrying value of these natural sand proppant assets exceeded the fair value and, therefore, recognized impairment expense of $31.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2025.
As discussed in Note 6, the Company changed the classification of its drilling rig assets from held for use to held for sale during the year ended December 31, 2025, which required the Company to estimate the fair value of such assets. Cash flow models or market appraisals used to determine such fair value may be based on inputs that are classified within Level 3. The Company determined that the fair value of its drilling rig assets exceeding the carrying value and, therefore, no impairment was recognized.
At December 31, 2024, certain of the Company’s assets used in its other services were triggered for impairment based on their operating cash flows. The Company estimated the fair value of these assets and determined the fair value exceeded the carrying value and, therefore, no impairment was recognized at December 31, 2024.
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| Revenue from Contracts with Customers | The timing of revenue recognition may differ from contract billing or payment schedules, resulting in revenues that have been earned but not billed (“unbilled revenue”) or amounts that have been billed, but not earned (“deferred revenue”).Revenues from Contracts with Customers The Company’s primary revenue streams include rental services, infrastructure services, natural sand proppant services, accommodation services, drilling services and other services. See Note 19 for the Company’s revenue disaggregated by type.
Certain of the Company’s customer contracts include provisions entitling the Company to a termination penalty when the customer invokes its contractual right to terminate prior to the contract’s nominal end date. The termination penalties in the customer contracts vary, but are generally considered substantive for accounting purposes and create enforceable rights and obligations throughout the stated duration of the contract. The Company accounts for a contract cancellation as a contract modification in the period in which the customer invokes the termination provision. The determination of the contract termination penalty is based on the terms stated in the related customer agreement. As of the modification date, the Company updates its estimate of the transaction price using the expected value method, subject to constraints, and recognizes the amount over the remaining performance period.
Rental Services
Rental services are typically provided based upon a purchase order, contract or on a spot market basis. Services are provided on a day rate, contracted or hourly basis. Performance obligations for these services are satisfied over time and revenue is recognized as the work progresses based on the measure of output.
Infrastructure Services
Infrastructure services are typically provided pursuant to master service agreements, repair and maintenance contracts or fixed price and non-fixed price installation contracts. Pricing under these contracts may be unit priced, cost-plus/hourly (or time and materials basis) or fixed price (or lump sum basis). Generally, the Company accounts for infrastructure services as a single performance obligation satisfied over time. In certain circumstances, the Company supplies materials that are utilized during the jobs as part of the agreement with the customer. The Company accounts for these infrastructure agreements as multiple performance obligations satisfied over time. Revenue is recognized over time as work progresses based on the days completed or as the contract is completed. Under certain customer contracts in our infrastructure services segment, the Company warranties equipment and labor performed for a specified period following substantial completion of the work.
Natural Sand Proppant Services
The Company sells natural sand proppant through sand supply agreements with its customers. Under these agreements, sand is typically sold at a flat rate per ton or a flat rate per ton with an index-based adjustment. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when the customer obtains legal title to the product, which may occur at the production facility, rail origin or at the destination terminal.
Certain of the Company’s sand supply agreements contained a minimum volume commitment related to sand purchases whereby the Company charges a shortfall payment if the customer fails to meet the required minimum volume commitment. These agreements may also contain make-up provisions whereby shortfall payments can be applied in future periods against purchased volumes exceeding the minimum volume commitment. If a make-up right exists, the Company has future performance obligations to deliver excess volumes of product in subsequent months. In accordance with ASC 606, if the customer fails to meet the minimum volume commitment, the Company will assess whether it expects the customer to fulfill its unmet commitment during the contractually specified make-up period based on discussions with the customer and management’s knowledge of the business. If the Company expects the customer will make-up deficient volumes in future periods, revenue related to shortfall payments will be deferred and recognized on the earlier of the date on which the customer utilizes make-up volumes or the likelihood that the customer will exercise its right to make-up deficient volumes becomes remote. If the Company does not expect the customer will make-up deficient volumes in future periods, the breakage model will be applied and revenue related to shortfall payments will be recognized when the model indicates the customer’s inability to take delivery of excess volumes. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had deferred revenue totaling $1.6 million related to shortfall payments. The Company did not have any deferred revenue related to shortfall payments at December 31, 2025. The Company recognized shortfall revenue totaling $1.6 million and $4.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
In certain of the Company’s sand supply agreements, the customer obtains control of the product when it is loaded into rail cars and the customer reimburses the Company for all freight charges incurred. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the sand. If revenue is recognized for the related
product before the shipping and handling activities occur, the Company accrues the related costs of those shipping and handling activities.
Accommodation Services
Accommodation services are typically provided based upon a purchase order, contract or on a spot market basis. Services are provided on a day rate or contracted basis. Performance obligations for these services are satisfied over time and revenue is recognized as the service is performed based on the measure of output.
Drilling Services
Drilling services are typically provided based upon a purchase order, contract or on a spot market basis. Services are provided on a day rate, contracted or hourly basis. Performance obligations for these services are satisfied over time and revenue is recognized as the work progresses based on the measure of output. Jobs for these services are typically short-term in nature and range from a few hours to multiple days.
Practical Expedients
The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts in which variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation.
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| Earnings per Share | Basic and diluted loss per share from continuing operations is computed using net loss from continuing operations and the weighted‑average common shares outstanding. Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, is presented separately, and net income (loss) per share is computed using consolidated net income (loss). Diluted EPS excludes securities that are anti‑dilutive. |
| Equity-based and Stock-based Compensation | The Company measures equity-based payments at fair value on the date of grant and expenses the value of these equity-based payments in compensation expense over the applicable vesting periods.The Company’s stock-based compensation program consists of restricted stock units granted to employees and restricted stock units granted to non-employee directors under the Mammoth Energy Services, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) and Mammoth Energy Services, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”). The Company recognizes in its financial statements the cost of employee services received in exchange for restricted stock based on the fair value of the equity instruments as of the grant date. In general, this value is amortized over the vesting period; for grants with a non-substantive service condition, this value is recognized immediately. Amounts are recognized in cost of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses. |
| Income Taxes |
The Company’s operations are included in a consolidated federal income tax return and other state returns. Accordingly, the Company has recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases for all our subsidiaries as if each entity were a corporation, regardless of its actual characterization for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Under FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using statutory tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rate are recognized in the period that includes the statutory enactment date. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is recognized when it is more likely than not that the benefit of deferred tax assets will not be realized. To assess that likelihood, the Company uses estimates and judgments regarding future taxable income, as well as the jurisdiction in which such taxable income is generated, to determine whether a valuation allowance is required. Certain income from our infrastructure services segment and income from our remote accommodations business is subject to foreign income taxes, and such taxes are provided in the financial statements pursuant to FASB ASC 740.
The Company evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in preparation of its tax returns and disallows the recognition of tax positions that do not meet a “more likely than not” threshold of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities.
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| Litigation and Contingencies | Accruals for litigation and contingencies are reflected in the consolidated financial statements based on management’s assessment, including advice of legal counsel, of the expected outcome of litigation or other dispute resolution proceedings and/or the expected resolution of contingencies. Liabilities for estimated losses are accrued if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability of loss and the determination as to whether the amount is reasonably estimable. Accruals are based only on information available at the time of the assessment due to the uncertain nature of such matters. As additional information becomes available, management reassesses potential liabilities related to pending claims and litigation and may revise its previous estimates. |
| Foreign Currency Translation |
For foreign operations, assets and liabilities are translated at the period-end exchange rate and income statement items are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive loss. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are re-measured at the balance sheet date. Transaction gains or losses are included as a component of current period earnings.
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| Environmental Matters | The Company is subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Management has established procedures for the ongoing evaluation of the Company’s operations, to identify potential environmental exposures and to comply with regulatory policies and procedures. Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and do not contribute to current or future revenue generation are expensed as incurred. Liabilities are recorded when environmental costs are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. The Company maintains insurance which may cover in whole or in part certain environmental |
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive income (loss) included certain changes in equity that are excluded from net income (loss). Specifically, cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. |
| Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers | Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents in excess of federally insured limits and trade receivables. |
| New Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements |
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”, which requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied either on a prospective basis or retrospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets”, which amends ASC 326-20 to provide a practical expedient for all entities when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. The practical expedient assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. ASU 2025-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements (“ASU 2025-11”). The amendments clarify and reorganize existing interim reporting guidance, including the scope of Topic 270 and interim disclosure requirements, and introduce a disclosure principle requiring entities to disclose material events or changes occurring since the most recent annual reporting period. ASU 2025-11 is effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-11 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which enhances income tax disclosures primarily through additional disaggregation and standardization of the effective tax rate reconciliation and disclosure of income taxes paid by jurisdiction.The Company adopted ASU 2023‑09 for the year ended December 31, 2025, and applied the amended disclosure requirements retrospectively to all periods presented. See Note 12, “Income Taxes” to our consolidated financial statements.
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| Lessee Accounting |
The Company recognizes a lease liability equal to the present value of the lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term for all leases with a term in excess of 12 months. For operating leases, lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while finance leases include both an operating expense and an interest expense component. For all leases with a term of 12 months or less, the Company has elected the practical expedient to not recognize lease assets and liabilities and recognizes lease expense for these short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company’s operating leases are primarily for rail cars, real estate, and equipment and its finance leases are primarily for machinery and equipment. Generally, the Company does not include renewal or termination options in its assessment of the leases unless extension or termination for certain assets is deemed to be reasonably certain. The accounting for some of the Company’s leases may require significant judgment, which includes determining whether a contract contains a lease, determining the incremental borrowing rates to utilize in the net present value calculation of lease payments for lease agreements which do not provide an implicit rate and assessing the likelihood of renewal or termination options. Lease agreements that contain a lease and non-lease component are generally accounted for as a single lease component.
The rate implicit in the Company’s leases is not readily determinable. Therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date of its leases in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate reflects the estimated rate of interest that it would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.
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| Lessor Accounting |
Certain of the Company’s agreements with its customers for equipment rentals, aviation services and remote accommodation services contain an operating lease component under FASB ASC 842, Leases, because (i) there are identified assets, (ii) the customer obtains substantially all of the economic benefits of the identified assets throughout the period of use and (iii) the customer directs the use of the identified assets throughout the period of use. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient provided to lessors to combine the lease and non-lease components of a contract where the revenue recognition pattern is the same and where the lease component, when accounted for separately, would be considered an operating lease. The practical expedient also allows a lessor to account for the combined lease and non-lease components under FASB ASC 606, when the non-lease component is the predominant element of the combined component.
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